LIGO Document P2400316-v13
- The discovery of joint sources of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves has been a primary target for the LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and IceCube observatories. The joint detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves would provide insight into cosmic processes, from progenitor dynamics to outflows. The joint detection of multiple cosmic messengers can also elevate the significance of the common observation even when some or all of the constituent messengers are sub-threshold, not significant enough to declare their detection individually. Leveraging data from the LIGO, Virgo, and IceCube observatories, we conducted an archival investigation of sub-threshold multi-messenger events. Complementing previous analyses, we used minimal assumptions to search for common sources of sub-threshold gravitational-wave and high-energy neutrino candidates during the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. Our search did not identify significant joint sources, which we used to derive constraints on their rate densities. Our results can constrain the neutrino emission from gravitational-wave sources at very high neutrino emission energies (> 10^52-10^54 erg) with isotropic emission.
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