Data-driven expectations for electromagnetic counterpart searches based on LIGO/Virgo public alerts

Document #:

LIGO-P2100281-v3

Document type:

P - Publications

Abstract:

Searches for electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational-wave signals have redoubled since the first detection in 2017 of a binary neutron star merger with a gamma-ray burst, optical/infrared kilonova, and panchromatic afterglow. Yet, one LIGO/Virgo observing run later, there has not yet been a second, secure identification of an electromagnetic counterpart. This is not surprising given that the localization uncertainties of events in LIGO and Virgo's third observing run, O3, were much larger than predicted. We explain this by showing that improvements in data analysis that now allow LIGO/Virgo to detect weaker and hence more poorly-localized events have increased the overall number of detections, of which well-localized, "gold-plated" events make a smaller proportion overall. We present simulations of the next two LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA observing runs, O4 and O5, that are grounded in the statistics of O3 public alerts. To illustrate the significant impact that the updated predictions can have, we study the follow-up strategy for the Zwicky Transient Facility. Realistic and timely forecasting of gravitational-wave localization accuracy is paramount given the large commitments of telescope time and the need to prioritize which events are followed up. We include a data release of our simulated localizations as a public proposal planning resource for astronomers.

Files in Document:

• Manuscript (data_driven_observing_scenarios_paper.pdf, 407.8 kB)

Topics:

• Astrophysics / Multi-messenger
• Compact Binaries

Authors:

• Leo Singer
• Michael Coughlin
• Mouza Almualla
• Shreya Anand
• Tim Dietrich

Keywords:

data-driven observing scenarios kilonova optical electromagnetic follow-up ZTF telescope simulation BAYESTAR CBC living review

Notes and Changes:

As submitted to ApJ and arXiv.

Publication Information:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07277