LIGO Document P2500026-v7

GW231123: a Binary Black Hole Merger with Total Mass 190-265 \( M_{\odot} \)

Document #:
LIGO-P2500026-v7
Document type:
P - Publications
Other Versions:
LIGO-P2500026-v6
16 Jul 2025, 14:01
Abstract:
On 2023 November 23 the two LIGO observatories both detected GW231123, a gravitational-wave signal consistent with the merger of two black holes with masses \( 137^{+22}_{-17}\, M_\odot \) and \( 103^{+20}_{-52}\, M_\odot \) (90\% credible intervals), at luminosity distance 0.7-4.1 Gpc and redshift of \( 0.39^{+0.27}_{-0.24} \), and a network signal-to-noise ratio of \( \sim \)22.5. Both black holes exhibit high spins, \( 0.9^{+0.10}_{-0.19} \) and \( 0.80^{+0.20}_{-0.51} \) respectively. A massive black hole remnant is supported by an independent ringdown analysis. Some properties of GW231123 are subject to large systematic uncertainties, as indicated by differences in inferred parameters between signal models. The primary black hole lies within or above the theorized mass gap where black holes between 60-130 \( M_\odot \) should be rare due to pair instability mechanisms, while the secondary spans the gap. The observation of GW231123 therefore suggests the formation of black holes from channels beyond standard stellar collapse, and that intermediate-mass black holes of mass \( \sim \)200 \( M_\odot \) form through gravitational-wave driven mergers.
Files in Document:
Author Groups:
Keywords:
CBC Burst IMBH
Notes and Changes:
With respect to the version released on Arxiv and DCC: complete author-list (including opt-in and opt-out) and updated acknowledgements
Referenced by:
Publication Information:
The data release for this paper can be found on GWOSC ( https://doi.org/10.7935/anj7-6q40 ) and Zenodo ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15832843 )

DCC Version 3.5.2, contact DCC Help